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Let |z| be a vector norm of a vector z such that ||A||=max_(|z|=1)||Az||. Then ||A|| is a matrix norm which is said to be the natural norm induced (or subordinate) to the ...

Let C be an error-correcting code consisting of N codewords in which each codeword consists of n letters taken from an alphabet A of length q, and every two distinct ...

A square matrix A is a normal matrix if [A,A^(H)]=AA^(H)-A^(H)A=0, where [a,b] is the commutator and A^(H) denotes the conjugate transpose. For example, the matrix [i 0; 0 ...

The orthogonal decomposition of a vector y in R^n is the sum of a vector in a subspace W of R^n and a vector in the orthogonal complement W^_|_ to W. The orthogonal ...

A relation "<=" is a partial order on a set S if it has: 1. Reflexivity: a<=a for all a in S. 2. Antisymmetry: a<=b and b<=a implies a=b. 3. Transitivity: a<=b and b<=c ...

A permutation matrix is a matrix obtained by permuting the rows of an n×n identity matrix according to some permutation of the numbers 1 to n. Every row and column therefore ...

A square n×n matrix A=a_(ij) is called reducible if the indices 1, 2, ..., n can be divided into two disjoint nonempty sets i_1, i_2, ..., i_mu and j_1, j_2, ..., j_nu (with ...

The numerators and denominators obtained by taking the ratios of adjacent terms in the triangular array of the number of +1 "bordered" alternating sign matrices A_n with a 1 ...

Consider the characteristic equation |lambdaI-A|=lambda^n+b_1lambda^(n-1)+...+b_(n-1)lambda+b_n=0 (1) determining the n eigenvalues lambda of a real n×n square matrix A, ...

A formula for the permanent of a matrix perm(a_(ij))=(-1)^nsum_(s subset= {1,...,n})(-1)^(|s|)product_(i=1)^nsum_(j in s)a_(ij), where the sum is over all subsets of ...