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If xsinalpha=sin(2beta-alpha), then (1+x)int_0^alpha(dphi)/(sqrt(1-x^2sin^2phi))=2int_0^beta(dphi)/(sqrt(1-(4x)/((1+x)^2)sin^2phi)).

A discrete distribution of a random variable such that every possible value can be represented in the form a+bn, where a,b!=0 and n is an integer.

A generalization of the product rule for expressing arbitrary-order derivatives of products of functions, where (n; k) is a binomial coefficient. This can also be written ...

If f(x) is positive and decreases to 0, then an Euler constant gamma_f=lim_(n->infty)[sum_(k=1)^nf(k)-int_1^nf(x)dx] can be defined. For example, if f(x)=1/x, then ...

The integral representation of ln[Gamma(z)] by lnGamma(z) = int_1^zpsi_0(z^')dz^' (1) = int_0^infty[(z-1)-(1-e^(-(z-1)t))/(1-e^(-t))](e^(-t))/tdt, (2) where lnGamma(z) is the ...

Given a elliptic modulus k in an elliptic integral, the modular angle alpha is defined by k=sinalpha. An elliptic integral is written I(phi|m) when the parameter m is used, ...

The percentage error is 100% times the relative error.

The derivative identity d/(dx)[f(x)g(x)] = lim_(h->0)(f(x+h)g(x+h)-f(x)g(x))/h (1) = (2) = lim_(h->0)[f(x+h)(g(x+h)-g(x))/h+g(x)(f(x+h)-f(x))/h] (3) = f(x)g^'(x)+g(x)f^'(x), ...

The derivative rule d/(dx)[(f(x))/(g(x))]=(g(x)f^'(x)-f(x)g^'(x))/([g(x)]^2).

The reciprocal differences are closely related to the divided difference. The first few are explicitly given by rho(x_0,x_1)=(x_0-x_1)/(f_0-f_1) (1) ...