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A concordant form is an integer triple (a,b,N) where {a^2+b^2=c^2; a^2+Nb^2=d^2, (1) with c and d integers. Examples include {14663^2+111384^2=112345^2; ...

The point-slope form of a line through the point (x_1,y_1) with slope m in the Cartesian plane is given by y-y_1=m(x-x_1).

A quadratic form Q(x) is said to be positive semidefinite if it is never <0. However, unlike a positive definite quadratic form, there may exist a x!=0 such that the form is ...

A binary quadratic form is a quadratic form in two variables having the form Q(x,y)=ax^2+2bxy+cy^2, (1) commonly denoted <a,b,c>. Consider a binary quadratic form with real ...

Let M be a regular surface with v_(p),w_(p) points in the tangent space M_(p) of M. For M in R^3, the second fundamental form is the symmetric bilinear form on the tangent ...

Let M be a regular surface with v_(p),w_(p) points in the tangent space M_(p) of M. Then the third fundamental form is given by III(v_(p),w_(p))=S(v_(p))·S(w_(p)), where S is ...

A symmetric bilinear form on a vector space V is a bilinear function Q:V×V->R (1) which satisfies Q(v,w)=Q(w,v). For example, if A is a n×n symmetric matrix, then ...

A formula of first-order logic is in prenex normal form if it is of the form Q_1x_1...Q_nx_nM, (1) where each Q_i is a quantifier forall ("for all") or exists ("exists") and ...

An equation is said to be a closed-form solution if it solves a given problem in terms of functions and mathematical operations from a given generally-accepted set. For ...

If A=(a_(ij)) is a diagonal matrix, then Q(v)=v^(T)Av=suma_(ii)v_i^2 (1) is a diagonal quadratic form, and Q(v,w)=v^(T)Aw is its associated diagonal symmetric bilinear form. ...