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If a is an element of a field F over the prime field P, then the set of all rational functions of a with coefficients in P is a field derived from P by adjunction of a.

An alpha value is a number 0<=alpha<=1 such that P(z>=z_(observed))<=alpha is considered "significant," where P is a P-value.

An operator * for which a*b=-b*a is said to be anticommutative.

nu_((r))=sum_(x)x^((r))f(x), where x^((r))=x(x-1)...(x-r+1).

Johnson solid J_(23).

A quantity which is either 0 (zero) or positive, i.e., >=0.

5((x^5)_infty^5)/((x)_infty^6)=sum_(m=0)^inftyP(5m+4)x^m, where (x)_infty is a q-Pochhammer symbol and P(n) is the partition function P.

A refinement X of a cover Y is a cover such that every element x in X is a subset of an element y in Y.

A relation R on a set S is reflexive provided that xRx for every x in S.

n-dimensional Euclidean space.