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One of the Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms. It states that, for every pair (X,A), there is a natural long exact sequence ...->H_n(A)->H_n(X)->H_n(X,A)->H_(n-1)(A)->..., where the ...

The transform inverting the sequence g(n)=sum_(d|n)f(d) (1) into f(n)=sum_(d|n)mu(d)g(n/d), (2) where the sums are over all possible integers d that divide n and mu(d) is the ...

The integral phi(t,u)=int(e^(piitx^2+2piiux))/(e^(2piix)-1)dx which is related to the Jacobi theta functions, mock theta functions, Riemann zeta function, and Siegel theta ...

The integral transform defined by (Kphi)(x)=int_0^inftyG_(pq)^(mn)(xt|(a_p); (b_q))phi(t)dt, where G_(pq)^(mn) is a Meijer G-function. Note the lower limit of 0, not -infty ...

The Peters projection is a cylindrical equal-area projection that de-emphasizes the exaggeration of areas at high latitudes by shifting the standard latitude to phi_s=44.138 ...

The solution u(x,y)=int_0^xdxiint_1^yR(xi,eta;x,y)f(xi,eta)deta, where R(x,y;xieta) is the Riemann function of the linear Goursat problem with characteristics phi=psi=0 ...

A totative is a positive integer less than or equal to a number n which is also relatively prime to n, where 1 is counted as being relatively prime to all numbers. The number ...

The differential equation obtained by applying the biharmonic operator and setting to zero: del ^4phi=0. (1) In Cartesian coordinates, the biharmonic equation is del ^4phi = ...

The qubit |psi>=a|0>+b|1> can be represented as a point (theta,phi) on a unit sphere called the Bloch sphere. Define the angles theta and phi by letting a=cos(theta/2) and ...

Define E(x;q,a)=psi(x;q,a)-x/(phi(q)), (1) where psi(x;q,a)=sum_(n<=x; n=a (mod q))Lambda(n) (2) (Davenport 1980, p. 121), Lambda(n) is the Mangoldt function, and phi(q) is ...