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The symbol int used to denote an integral intf(x)dx. The symbol was invented by Leibniz and chosen to be a stylized script "S" to stand for "summation."

The symbol ¬ used to denote the negation operation ("NOT") in symbolic logic, also called "logical not."

The symbol % used to indicate percent.

A curve consisting of two mirror-reversed intersecting crescents (lunes). This curve can be traced unicursally. The region common to both crescents is a lens.

The symbol × used to denote multiplication, i.e., a×b denotes a times b. The symbol × is also used to denote a group direct product, a Cartesian product, or a direct product ...

For a permutation alpha in the symmetric group S_p, the alpha-permutation graph of a labeled graph G is the graph union of two disjoint copies of G (say, G_1 and G_2), ...

A permutation group is a finite group G whose elements are permutations of a given set and whose group operation is composition of permutations in G. Permutation groups have ...

A random permutation is a permutation containing a fixed number n of a random selection from a given set of elements. There are two main algorithms for constructing random ...

A set of ascending sequences in a permutation is called a run (Graham et al. 1994) or sometimes a rise (Comtet 1974, p. 241). A sorted permutation consists of a single run, ...

Let p={a_1,a_2,...,a_n} be a permutation. Then i is a permutation ascent if a_i<a_(i+1). For example, the permutation {1,2,3,4} is composed of three ascents, namely {1,2}, ...