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Sample size is the number of observations in a sample (Evans et al. 2000, p. 16). It is commonly denoted n or N.

In random number computation, a seed is an initial number used as the starting point in a random number generating algorithm. In a dynamical system, a seed is a starting ...

A test for determining the probability that a given result could not have occurred by chance (its significance).

Let H be a two-dimensional distribution function with marginal distribution functions F and G. Then there exists a copula C such that H(x,y)=C(F(x),G(y)). Conversely, for any ...

A moving average may generate an irregular oscillation even if none exists in the original data.

The small world problem asks for the probability that two people picked at random have at least one acquaintance in common.

Consider (1) If the probability distribution is governed by a Markov process, then P_3(y_1,t_1;y_2,t_2|y_3,t_3) = P_2(y_2,t_2|y_3,t_3) (2) = P_2(y_2|y_3,t_3-t_2). (3) ...

Given a point set P={x_n}_(n=0)^(N-1) in the s-dimensional unit cube I=[0,1)^s, the star discrepancy is defined as D_N^*(P)=sup_(J in Upsilon^*)D(J,P), (1) where the local ...

Trials for which the Lexis ratio L=sigma/(sigma_B), satisfies L>1, where sigma is the variance in a set of s Lexis trials and sigma_B is the variance assuming Bernoulli ...

Surrogate data are artificially generated data which mimic statistical properties of real data. Isospectral surrogates have identical power spectra as real data but with ...