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A normal distribution with mean 0, P(x)=h/(sqrt(pi))e^(-h^2x^2). (1) The characteristic function is phi(t)=e^(-t^2/(4h^2)). (2) The mean, variance, skewness, and kurtosis ...

An estimator is a rule that tells how to calculate an estimate based on the measurements contained in a sample. For example, the sample mean x^_ is an estimator for the ...

The bias of an estimator theta^~ is defined as B(theta^~)=<theta^~>-theta. (1) It is therefore true that theta^~-theta = (theta^~-<theta^~>)+(<theta^~>-theta) (2) = ...

An event is a certain subset of a probability space. Events are therefore collections of outcomes on which probabilities have been assigned. Events are sometimes assumed to ...

The kurtosis excess of a distribution is sometimes called the excess, or excess coefficient. In graph theory, excess refers to the quantity e=n-n_l(v,g) (1) for a v-regular ...

An experiment E(S,F,P) is defined (Papoulis 1984, p. 30) as a mathematical object consisting of the following elements. 1. A set S (the probability space) of elements. 2. A ...

The probability that two events will both happen is hk, where h is the probability that the first event will happen, and k is the probability that the second event will ...

A distribution which arises in the study of half-integer spin particles in physics, P(k)=(k^s)/(e^(k-mu)+1). (1) Its integral is given by int_0^infty(k^sdk)/(e^(k-mu)+1) = ...

Given T an unbiased estimator of theta so that <T>=theta. Then var(T)>=1/(Nint_(-infty)^infty[(partial(lnf))/(partialtheta)]^2fdx), where var is the variance.

Let A be a sum of squares of n independent normal standardized variates X_i, and suppose A=B+C where B is a quadratic form in the x_i, distributed as chi-squared with h ...