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The closure of a set A is the smallest closed set containing A. Closed sets are closed under arbitrary intersection, so it is also the intersection of all closed sets ...

The topological completion C of a field F with respect to the absolute value |·| is the smallest field containing F for which all Cauchy sequences or rationals converge.

The topological entropy of a map M is defined as h_T(M)=sup_({W_i})h(M,{W_i}), where {W_i} is a partition of a bounded region W containing a probability measure which is ...

A topological groupoid over B is a groupoid G such that B and G are topological spaces and alpha,beta, and multiplication are continuous maps. Here, alpha and beta are maps ...

Two maps phi,psi:M->M are said to be topologically conjugate if there exists a homeomorphism h:M->M such that phi degreesh=h degreespsi, i.e., h maps psi-orbits onto ...

A function f is topologically transitive if, given any two intervals U and V, there is some positive integer k such that f^k(U) intersection V!=emptyset. Vaguely, this means ...

A surface of revolution obtained by rotating a closed plane curve about an axis parallel to the plane which does not intersect the curve. The simplest toroid is the torus. ...

If one part of the total intersection group of a curve of order n with a curve of order n_1+n_2 constitutes the total intersection with a curve of order n_1, then the other ...

A relation on a totally ordered set.

Given n mutually exclusive events A_1, ..., A_n whose probabilities sum to unity, then P(B)=P(B|A_1)P(A_1)+...+P(B|A_n)P(A_n), where B is an arbitrary event, and P(B|A_i) is ...