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A general class of means introduced by Italian mathematician Oscar Chisini (pronounced keeseenee) in 1929. Given a function of n variables f(x_1,...,x_n), the Chisini mean of ...

One of the quantities lambda_i appearing in the Gauss-Jacobi mechanical quadrature. They satisfy lambda_1+lambda_2+...+lambda_n = int_a^bdalpha(x) (1) = alpha(b)-alpha(a) (2) ...

The Christoffel symbols are tensor-like objects derived from a Riemannian metric g. They are used to study the geometry of the metric and appear, for example, in the geodesic ...

A cipher is an algorithm that converts data (plaintext) to an obfuscated form that is not directly readable. Ciphers are usually used with the intention of hiding the ...

An (infinite) line determined by two points (x_1,y_1) and (x_2,y_2) may intersect a circle of radius r and center (0, 0) in two imaginary points (left figure), a degenerate ...

Given a triangle DeltaABC and a point P not a vertex of DeltaABC, define the A^'-vertex of the circumcevian triangle as the point other than A in which the line AP meets the ...

A perimeter-bisecting segment of a polygon originating from the midpoint of one side. Each cleaver M_1C_1, M_2C_2, and M_3C_3 in a triangle DeltaA_1A_2A_3 is parallel to an ...

There are several equivalent definitions of a closed set. Let S be a subset of a metric space. A set S is closed if 1. The complement of S is an open set, 2. S is its own set ...

Determining the length of a country's coastline is not as simple as it first appears, as first considered by L. F. Richardson (1881-1953) and sometimes known as the ...

A function H that maps an arbitrary length message M to a fixed length message digest MD is a collision-free hash function if 1. It is a one-way hash function. 2. It is hard ...