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An integer which is expressible in more than one way in the form x^2+Dy^2 or x^2-Dy^2 where x^2 is relatively prime to Dy^2. If the integer is expressible in only one way, it ...

1 and -1 are the only integers which divide every integer. They are therefore called the prime units.

The notation Q^_ denotes the algebraic closure of the rational numbers Q. This is equivalent to the set of algebraic numbers, sometimes denoted A.

The positive rational numbers, denoted Q^+.

The doublestruck letter R denotes the field of real numbers.

Any system of phi(n) integers, where phi(n) is the totient function, representing all the residue classes relatively prime to n is called a reduced residue system (Nagell ...

The transformation T(x) = frac(1/x) (1) = 1/x-|_1/x_|, (2) where frac(x) is the fractional part of x and |_x_| is the floor function, that takes a continued fraction ...

Consecutive Smith numbers. The first few Smith brothers are (728, 729), (2964, 2965), (3864, 3865), (4959, 4960), ... (OEIS A050219 and A050220).

A notation for large numbers defined by Steinhaus (1983, pp. 28-29). In this notation, denotes n^n, denotes "n in n triangles," and denotes "n in n squares." A modified ...

Let n be an elliptic pseudoprime associated with (E,P), and let n+1=2^sk with k odd and s>=0. Then n is a strong elliptic pseudoprime when either kP=0 (mod n) or 2^rkP=0 (mod ...