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A function giving the distribution of the interpoint distances of a curve. It is defined by p(r)=1/Nsum_(ij)delta_(r_(ij)=r).

If the random variates X_1, X_2, ... satisfy the Lindeberg condition, then for all a<b, lim_(n->infty)P(a<(S_n)/(s_n)<b)=Phi(b)-Phi(a), where Phi is the normal distribution ...

A linear approximation to a function f(x) at a point x_0 can be computed by taking the first term in the Taylor series f(x_0+Deltax)=f(x_0)+f^'(x_0)Deltax+....

The log-likelihood function F(theta) is defined to be the natural logarithm of the likelihood function L(theta). More precisely, F(theta)=lnL(theta), and so in particular, ...

A maximum likelihood estimator is a value of the parameter a such that the likelihood function is a maximum (Harris and Stocket 1998, p. 824).

Let f be a nonnegative and continuous function on the closed interval [a,b], then the solid of revolution obtained by rotating the curve f(x) about the x-axis from x=a to x=b ...

The approximating polynomial which has the smallest maximum deviation from the true function. It is closely approximated by the Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind.

Topological lower bounds in terms of Betti numbers for the number of critical points form a smooth function on a smooth manifold.

A Müntz space is a technically defined space M(Lambda)=span{x^(lambda_0),x^(lambda_1),...} which arises in the study of function approximations.

A graph or directed graph together with a function which assigns a positive real number to each edge (Harary 1994, p. 52).