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Orthogonal involution, also called absolute involution, is the involution on the line at infinity that maps orthogonal directions to each other.

Families of surfaces which are mutually orthogonal. Up to three families of surfaces may be orthogonal in three dimensions. The simplest example of three orthogonal surfaces ...

Two triangles DeltaA_1B_1C_1 and DeltaA_2B_2C_2 are orthologic if the perpendiculars from the vertices A_1, B_1, C_1 on the sides B_2C_2, A_2C_2, and A_2B_2 are concurrent. ...

Given a pair of orthologic triangles, the point where the perpendiculars from the vertices of the first to the sides of the second concur and the point where the ...

A pair of functions phi_i(x) and phi_j(x) are orthonormal if they are orthogonal and each normalized so that int_a^b[phi_i(x)]^2w(x)dx = 1 (1) int_a^b[phi_j(x)]^2w(x)dx = 1. ...

The orthoptic circle of the Steiner inellipse is the circle with center at alpha_2=1/a, (1) corresponding to the triangle centroid G and radius ...

Given a source S and a curve gamma, pick a point on gamma and find its tangent T. Then the locus of reflections of S about tangents T is the orthotomic curve (also known as ...

Consider a reference triangle DeltaABC and any given point P. The perpendiculars to AP, BP and CP respectively meet BC, AC and AB in three collinear points defining line l. ...

The variation of a function which exhibits slope changes, also called the saltus of a function. A series may also oscillate, causing it not to converge.

A curve y(x) is osculating to f(x) at x_0 if it is tangent at x_0 and has the same curvature there. Osculating curves therefore satisfy y^((k))(x_0)=f^((k))(x_0) for k=0, 1, ...