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The kth percentile P_k is that value of x, say x_k, which corresponds to a cumulative frequency of Nk/100, where N is the sample size.

A perfect cubic polynomial can be factored into a linear and a quadratic term, x^3+y^3 = (x+y)(x^2-xy+y^2) (1) x^3-y^3 = (x-y)(x^2+xy+y^2). (2)

A set of residues {a_1,a_2,...,a_(k+1)} (mod n) such that every nonzero residue can be uniquely expressed in the form a_i-a_j. Examples include {1,2,4} (mod 7) and {1,2,5,7} ...

A perfect field is a field F such that every algebraic extension is separable. Any field in field characteristic zero, such as the rationals or the p-adics, or any finite ...

A class of game in which players move alternately and each player is completely informed of previous moves. Finite, zero-sum, two-player games with perfect information ...

The term perfect square is used to refer to a square number, a perfect square dissection, or a factorable quadratic polynomial of the form a^2+/-2ab+b^2=(a+/-b)^2.

The portion of a surface left when an open disk is removed from it.

The smallest radial distance of an ellipse as measured from a focus. Taking v=0 in the equation of an ellipse r=(a(1-e^2))/(1+ecosv) gives the periapsis distance r_-=a(1-e). ...

A characteristic of some systems making a transition to chaos. Doubling is followed by quadrupling, etc. An example of a map displaying period doubling is the logistic map.

Li and Yorke (1975) proved that any one-dimensional system which exhibits a regular cycle of period three will also display regular cycles of every other length as well as ...