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The natural norm induced by the L2-norm. Let A^(H) be the conjugate transpose of the square matrix A, so that (a_(ij))^(H)=(a^__(ji)), then the spectral norm is defined as ...

A stem-and-leaf diagram, also called a stem-and-leaf plot, is a diagram that quickly summarizes data while maintaining the individual data points. In such a diagram, the ...

The study of random geometric structures. Stochastic geometry leads to modelling and analysis tools such as Monte carlo methods.

The Theodorus spiral, also known as the Einstein spiral, Pythagorean spiral, square root spiral, or--to contrast it with certain continuous analogs--the discrete spiral of ...

Given 2n-1 numbers a_k, where k=-n+1, ..., -1, 0, 1, ..., n-1, a Toeplitz matrix is a matrix which has constant values along negative-sloping diagonals, i.e., a matrix of the ...

A vector field is a map f:R^n|->R^n that assigns each x a vector f(x). Several vector fields are illustrated above. A vector field is uniquely specified by giving its ...

Given an n-dimensional vector x=[x_1; x_2; |; x_n], (1) a general vector norm |x|, sometimes written with a double bar as ||x||, is a nonnegative norm defined such that 1. ...

A walk is a sequence v_0, e_1, v_1, ..., v_k of graph vertices v_i and graph edges e_i such that for 1<=i<=k, the edge e_i has endpoints v_(i-1) and v_i (West 2000, p. 20). ...

The Weibull distribution is given by P(x) = alphabeta^(-alpha)x^(alpha-1)e^(-(x/beta)^alpha) (1) D(x) = 1-e^(-(x/beta)^alpha) (2) for x in [0,infty), and is implemented in ...

There are at least two theorems known as Weierstrass's theorem. The first states that the only hypercomplex number systems with commutative multiplication and addition are ...