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In a topological space X, an open neighborhood of a point x is an open set containing x. A set containing an open neighborhood is simply called a neighborhood.

Let A be a set. An operation on A is a function from a power of A into A. More precisely, given an ordinal number alpha, a function from A^alpha into A is an alpha-ary ...

The theory and applications of Laplace transforms and other integral transforms.

Let A:D(A)->H and B:D(B)->H be linear operators from domains D(A) and D(B), respectively, into a Hilbert space H. It is said that B extends A if D(A) subset D(B) and if Bv=Av ...

Given an acute angle in a right triangle, the opposite side is the leg of the triangle which is not incident on the angle. Lengths of opposite and adjacent sides appear ...

The illusion illustrated above in which the bounding rectangle and inner square both appear distorted.

A tree is planted at each lattice point in a circular orchard which has center at the origin and radius r. If the radius of trees exceeds 1/r units, one is unable to see out ...

A topology defined on a totally ordered set X whose open sets are all the finite intersections of subsets of the form {x in X|x>a} or {x in X|x<a}, where a in X. The order ...

The number of nondecreasing lists {a_1,a_2,...,a_n} consisting of n elements 1<=a_i<=k is given by the binomial coefficient N(n,k)=(n+k-1; n-1). For example, there are six ...

A pair of quantities (a, b) where ordering is significant, so (a, b) is considered distinct from (b, a) for a!=b.