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A number r is an nth root of unity if r^n=1 and a primitive nth root of unity if, in addition, n is the smallest integer of k=1, ..., n for which r^k=1.

A Proth number is a number of the form N=k·2^n+1 for odd k, n a positive integer, and 2^n>k. The 2^n>k condition is needed since otherwise, every odd number >1 would be a ...

An algebraic extension K over a field F is a purely inseparable extension if the algebraic number minimal polynomial of any element has only one root, possibly with ...

A figurate number corresponding to a configuration of points which form a pyramid with r-sided regular polygon bases can be thought of as a generalized pyramidal number, and ...

A number of the form +/-sqrt(a), where a is a positive rational number which is not the square of another rational number is called a pure quadratic surd. A number of the ...

The number theta in the quadric (x^2)/(a^2+theta)+(y^2)/(b^2+theta)+(z^2)/(c^2+theta)=1 is called the parameter.

The unit fraction 1/4, also called one-fourth. 1/4 is a rational number with terminating decimal expansion 0.25.

The base of a number system, i.e., 2 for binary, 8 for octal, 10 for decimal, and 16 for hexadecimal. The radix is sometimes called the base or scale.

A random partition of a number n is one of the P(n) possible partitions of n, where P(n) is the partition function P. A random partition can be given by RandomPartition[n] in ...

A figurate number which is constructed as a centered cube with a square pyramid appended to each face, RhoDod_n = CCub_n+6P_(n-1)^((4)) (1) = (2n-1)(2n^2-2n+1), (2) where ...