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When a number is expressed in scientific notation, the number of significant digits (or significant figures) is the number of digits needed to express the number to within ...

A graceful labeling (or graceful numbering) is a special graph labeling of a graph on m edges in which the nodes are labeled with a subset of distinct nonnegative integers ...

A number of the form a_0+a_1zeta+...+a_(p-1)zeta^(p-1), where zeta=e^(2pii/p) is a de Moivre number and p is a prime number. Unique factorizations of cyclotomic integers fail ...

The polyhedral formula generalized to a surface of genus g, V-E+F=chi(g) where V is the number of polyhedron vertices, E is the number of polyhedron edges, F is the number of ...

In random number computation, a seed is an initial number used as the starting point in a random number generating algorithm. In a dynamical system, a seed is a starting ...

The determination of the number of alternating permutations having elements {1,2,...,n}.

A circle-preserving transformation composed of an odd number of inversions.

A base-60, or sexagesimal, number system, used by the ancient Babylonians.

A shuffling algorithm used in a class of random number generators.

A variable which belongs to exactly one of a finite number of categories.