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A number n such that the last digits of n^3 are the same as n. 49 is trimorphic since 49^3=117649 (Wells 1986, p. 124). The first few are 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 24, 25, 49, 51, 75, ...

An ultrametric is a metric which satisfies the following strengthened version of the triangle inequality, d(x,z)<=max(d(x,y),d(y,z)) for all x,y,z. At least two of d(x,y), ...

A transformation x^'=Ax is unimodular if the determinant of the matrix A satisfies det(A)=+/-1. A necessary and sufficient condition that a linear transformation transform a ...

In an integral domain R, the decomposition of a nonzero noninvertible element a as a product of prime (or irreducible) factors a=p_1...p_n, (1) is unique if every other ...

The unitary divisor function sigma_k^*(n) is the analog of the divisor function sigma_k(n) for unitary divisors and denotes the sum-of-kth-powers-of-the-unitary divisors ...

In machine learning theory, the Vapnik-Chervonenkis dimension or VC-dimension of a concept class C is the cardinality of the largest set S which can be shattered by C. If ...

A vector is formally defined as an element of a vector space. In the commonly encountered vector space R^n (i.e., Euclidean n-space), a vector is given by n coordinates and ...

The vertex height of a vertex v in a rooted tree is the number of edges on the longest downward path between v and a tree leaf. The height of the root vertex of a rooted tree ...

The vertical line test is a graphical method of determining whether a curve in the plane represents the graph of a function by visually examining the number of intersections ...

The base-20 notational system for representing real numbers. The digits used to represent numbers using vigesimal notation are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F, ...