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A bridged graph is a graph that contains one or more graph bridges. Examples of bridged graphs include path graphs, ladder rung graphs, the bull graph, star graphs, and ...

A set of positive integers S is called sum-free if the equation x+y=z has no solutions x, y, z in S. The probability that a random sum-free set S consists entirely of odd ...

The Christoffel symbols are tensor-like objects derived from a Riemannian metric g. They are used to study the geometry of the metric and appear, for example, in the geodesic ...

The circum-medial triangle DeltaA^'B^'C^' is the circumcevian triangle of a reference triangle DeltaABC with respect to the triangle centroid G of DeltaABC (Kimberling 1998, ...

A curve whose name means "shell form." Let C be a curve and O a fixed point. Let P and P^' be points on a line from O to C meeting it at Q, where P^'Q=QP=k, with k a given ...

The Condon-Shortley phase is the factor of (-1)^m that occurs in some definitions of the spherical harmonics (e.g., Arfken 1985, p. 682) to compensate for the lack of ...

A Banach algebra A is called contractible if H^1(A,X)=Z^1(A,X)/B^1(A,X)=0 for all Banach A-bimodules X (Helemskii 1989, 1997). A C^*-algebra is contractible if and only if it ...

Given an affine variety V in the n-dimensional affine space K^n, where K is an algebraically closed field, the coordinate ring of V is the quotient ring ...

A curve whose name means skull-like. It is given by the polar equation r=asint+bsqrt(1-pcos^2t)+csqrt(1-qcos^2t), where a,b,c>0, a<b+c, 0<p<1, 0<q<1, and p!=q. The top of the ...

A limiting case in which a class of object changes its nature so as to belong to another, usually simpler, class. For example, the point is a degenerate case of the circle as ...