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A prime ideal is an ideal I such that if ab in I, then either a in I or b in I. For example, in the integers, the ideal a=<p> (i.e., the multiples of p) is prime whenever p ...

Let alpha be a nonzero rational number alpha=+/-p_1^(alpha_1)p_2^(alpha_2)...p_L^(alpha_L), where p_1, ..., p_L are distinct primes, alpha_l in Z and alpha_l!=0. Then ...

A proof by contradiction establishes the truth of a given proposition by the supposition that it is false and the subsequent drawing of a conclusion that is contradictory to ...

If proofreader A finds a mistakes and proofreader B finds b mistakes, c of which were also found by A, how many mistakes were missed by both A and B? Assume there are a total ...

A pullback is a general categorical operation appearing in a number of mathematical contexts, sometimes going under a different name. If T:V->W is a linear transformation ...

A tree having four branches at each node. Quadtrees are used in the construction of some multidimensional databases (e.g., cartography, computer graphics, and image ...

A power series sum^(infty)c_kx^k will converge only for certain values of x. For instance, sum_(k=0)^(infty)x^k converges for -1<x<1. In general, there is always an interval ...

A positive number k such that a lamina or solid body with moment of inertia about an axis I and mass m is given by I=mk^2. Pickover (1995) defines a generalization of k as a ...

Ramsey's theorem is a generalization of Dilworth's lemma which states for each pair of positive integers k and l there exists an integer R(k,l) (known as the Ramsey number) ...

The space of currents arising from rectifiable sets by integrating a differential form is called the space of two-dimensional rectifiable currents. For C a closed bounded ...