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The maximal independence polynomial I_G(x) for the graph G may be defined as the polynomial I_G(x)=sum_(k=i(G))^(alpha(G))s_kx^k, where i(G) is the lower independence number, ...

A slightly archaic term for a computer-generated random number. The prefix pseudo- is used to distinguish this type of number from a "truly" random number generated by a ...

For any real number r>=0, an irrational number alpha can be approximated by infinitely many rational fractions p/q in such a way that ...

A unitary perfect number is a number n which is the sum of its unitary divisors with the exception of n itself. There are no odd unitary perfect numbers, and it has been ...

A cylindrical wedge, also called a cylindrical hoof or cylindrical ungula, is a wedge cut from a cylinder by slicing with a plane that intersects the base of the cylinder. ...

A geodesic is a locally length-minimizing curve. Equivalently, it is a path that a particle which is not accelerating would follow. In the plane, the geodesics are straight ...

Given a regular surface M, an asymptotic curve is formally defined as a curve x(t) on M such that the normal curvature is 0 in the direction x^'(t) for all t in the domain of ...

An augmented matrix is a matrix obtained by adjoining a row or column vector, or sometimes another matrix with the same vertical dimension. The most common use of an ...

An identity in calculus of variations discovered in 1868 by Beltrami. The Euler-Lagrange differential equation is (partialf)/(partialy)-d/(dx)((partialf)/(partialy_x))=0. (1) ...

There are three types of boundary conditions commonly encountered in the solution of partial differential equations: 1. Dirichlet boundary conditions specify the value of the ...