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In this illusion, the vertical lines in the above figure are parallel, but appear to be tilted at an angle. In 1860, F. Zöllner sent his discovery in a letter to physicist ...

An Abelian integral, are also called a hyperelliptic integral, is an integral of the form int_0^x(dt)/(sqrt(R(t))), where R(t) is a polynomial of degree >4.

A subset B of a vector space E is said to be absorbing if for any x in E, there exists a scalar lambda>0 such that x in muB for all mu in F with |mu|>=lambda, where F is the ...

The identity element of an additive group G, usually denoted 0. In the additive group of vectors, the additive identity is the zero vector 0, in the additive group of ...

The set E of edges of a loopless graph (V,E), being a set of unordered pairs of elements of V, constitutes an adjacency relation on V. Formally, an adjacency relation is any ...

The Riemann's moduli space gives the solution to Riemann's moduli problem, which requires an analytic parameterization of the compact Riemann surfaces in a fixed ...

An Abelian variety which is canonically attached to an algebraic variety which is the solution to a certain universal problem. The Albanese variety is dual to the Picard ...

A pair of numbers m and n such that sigma(m)=sigma(n)=m+n-1, where sigma(m) is the divisor function. Beck and Najar (1977) found 11 augmented amicable pairs.

The common perpendicular to two opposite edges of a tetrahedron.

The kernel of a symmetric bilinear form Q:V×V-->R is the set Ker(Q)={v in V|Q(v,w)=0 for all w in V}.