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A problem posed by L. Collatz in 1937, also called the 3x+1 mapping, 3n+1 problem, Hasse's algorithm, Kakutani's problem, Syracuse algorithm, Syracuse problem, Thwaites ...

A pairing function is a function that reversibly maps Z^*×Z^* onto Z^*, where Z^*={0,1,2,...} denotes nonnegative integers. Pairing functions arise naturally in the ...

The term "Cartan algebra" has two meanings in mathematics, so care is needed in determining from context which meaning is intended. One meaning is a "Cartan subalgebra," ...

Ueberhuber (1997, p. 71) and Krommer and Ueberhuber (1998, pp. 49 and 155-165) use the word "quadrature" to mean numerical computation of a univariate integral, and ...

The finite group T is one of the three non-Abelian groups of order 12 (out of a total of fives groups of order 12), the other two being the alternating group A_4 and the ...

Let M^n be an n-manifold and let F={F_alpha} denote a partition of M^n into disjoint pathwise-connected subsets. Then F is called a foliation of M^n of codimension c (with ...

The great snub dodecicosidodecahedron is the uniform polyhedron with Maeder index 64 (Maeder 1997), Wenninger index 115 (Wenninger 1989), Coxeter index 80 (Coxeter et al. ...

A random variate is a variable generated from uniformly distributed pseudorandom numbers. Depending on how they are generated, a random variate can be uniformly or ...

Regular expressions define formal languages as sets of strings over a finite alphabet. Let sigma denote a selected alphabet. Then emptyset is a regular expression that ...

Also called a T_(3+1/2)-space, a Tychonoff space is a completely regular space (with the additional condition that it be T_1 for those authors who do not assume this in the ...