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A field is any set of elements that satisfies the field axioms for both addition and multiplication and is a commutative division algebra. An archaic name for a field is ...

By choosing appropriate rules, it is possible to achieve many forms of synchronization within cellular automata. One version, known as the firing squad synchronization ...

Simply stated, floating-point algebra is algebra performed on floating-point representations by any number of automated devices. Traditionally, this definition is phrased so ...

The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that every positive integer (except the number 1) can be represented in exactly one way apart from rearrangement as a product of ...

A quantitative measure of the simplicity of a geometric construction which reduces geometric constructions to five steps. It was devised by È. Lemoine. S_1 Place a ...

A global field is either a number field, a function field on an algebraic curve, or an extension of transcendence degree one over a finite field. From a modern point of view, ...

Go is played on a 19×19 grid, with pieces being placed at the intersections of grid lines, rather than in the middle of them. Go boards have a number of peculiarities, ...

A bridge of a connected graph is a graph edge whose removal disconnects the graph (Chartrand 1985, p. 45; Skiena 1990, p. 177). More generally, a bridge is an edge of a ...

The coarseness xi(G) of a graph G is the maximum number of edge-disjoint nonplanar subgraphs contained in a given graph G. The coarseness of a planar graph G is therefore ...

The group theoretical term for what is known to physicists, by way of its connection with matrix traces, as the trace. The powerful group orthogonality theorem gives a number ...