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The arf invariant is a link invariant that always has the value 0 or 1. A knot has Arf invariant 0 if the knot is "pass equivalent" to the unknot and 1 if it is pass ...

The most common form of cosine integral is Ci(x) = -int_x^infty(costdt)/t (1) = gamma+lnx+int_0^x(cost-1)/tdt (2) = 1/2[Ei(ix)+Ei(-ix)] (3) = -1/2[E_1(ix)+E_1(-ix)], (4) ...

The term "Euler graph" is sometimes used to denote a graph for which all vertices are of even degree (e.g., Seshu and Reed 1961). Note that this definition is different from ...

Like the entire harmonic series, the harmonic series sum_(k=1)^infty1/(p_k)=infty (1) taken over all primes p_k also diverges, as first shown by Euler in 1737 (Nagell 1951, ...

The Leibniz integral rule gives a formula for differentiation of a definite integral whose limits are functions of the differential variable, (1) It is sometimes known as ...

Let A be an involutive algebra over the field C of complex numbers with involution xi|->xi^♯. Then A is a modular Hilbert algebra if A has an inner product <··> and a ...

The curve a hanging flexible wire or chain assumes when supported at its ends and acted upon by a uniform gravitational force. The word catenary is derived from the Latin ...

Let {u_n(x)} be a sequence of functions. If 1. u_n(x) can be written u_n(x)=a_nf_n(x), 2. suma_n is convergent, 3. f_n(x) is a monotonic decreasing sequence (i.e., ...

Any one of the eight Apollonius circles of three given circles is tangent to a circle H known as a Hart circle, as are the other three Apollonius circles having (1) like ...

For x>0, J_0(x) = 2/piint_0^inftysin(xcosht)dt (1) Y_0(x) = -2/piint_0^inftycos(xcosht)dt, (2) where J_0(x) is a zeroth order Bessel function of the first kind and Y_0(x) is ...