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The Walsh functions consist of trains of square pulses (with the allowed states being -1 and 1) such that transitions may only occur at fixed intervals of a unit time step, ...

The spherical harmonics Y_l^m(theta,phi) are the angular portion of the solution to Laplace's equation in spherical coordinates where azimuthal symmetry is not present. Some ...

Given a group action G×F->F and a principal bundle pi:A->M, the associated fiber bundle on M is pi^~:A×F/G->M. (1) In particular, it is the quotient space A×F/G where ...

Three elements x, y and z of a set S are said to be associative under a binary operation * if they satisfy x*(y*z)=(x*y)*z. (1) Real numbers are associative under addition ...

The four following types of groups, 1. linear groups, 2. orthogonal groups, 3. symplectic groups, and 4. unitary groups, which were studied before more exotic types of groups ...

Given a Schwarz triangle (p q r), replacing each polygon vertex with its antipodes gives the three colunar spherical triangles (p q^' r^'),(p^' q r^'),(p^' q^' r), (1) where ...

2^(60)=1024^6 bytes. Although the term exabyte is sometimes used to refer to 1024^6 bytes, such usage is deprecated in favor of the standard SI naming convention of 1 exabyte ...

The Fibonacci chain map is defined as x_(n+1) = -1/(x_n+epsilon+alphasgn[frac(n(phi-1))-(phi-1)]) (1) phi_(n+1) = frac(phi_n+phi-1), (2) where frac(x) is the fractional part, ...

The hacovercosine, also known as the hacoversed cosine and cohavercosine, is a little-used trigonometric function defined by hacovercos(z) = covercosz (1) = 1/2(1+sinz), (2) ...

If xsinalpha=sin(2beta-alpha), then (1+x)int_0^alpha(dphi)/(sqrt(1-x^2sin^2phi))=2int_0^beta(dphi)/(sqrt(1-(4x)/((1+x)^2)sin^2phi)).