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The multiplicative suborder of a number a (mod n) is the least exponent e>0 such that a^e=+/-1 (mod n), or zero if no such e exists. An e always exists if GCD(a,n)=1 and n>1. ...

Sudoku (literally, "single number"), sometimes also is a pencil-and-paper logic puzzle whose goal is to complete a grid satisfying various constraints. In the "classic" ...

The superfactorial of n is defined by Pickover (1995) as n$=n!^(n!^(·^(·^(·^(n!)))))_()_(n!). (1) The first two values are 1 and 4, but subsequently grow so rapidly that 3$ ...

There are two definitions of the supersingular primes: one group-theoretic, and the other number-theoretic. Group-theoretically, let Gamma_0(N) be the modular group Gamma0, ...

In general, an unresolved nth root, commonly involving a radical symbol RadicalBox[x, n], is known as a surd. However, the term surd or "surd expression" (e.g., Hardy 1967, ...

"The" Sylvester graph is a quintic graph on 36 nodes and 90 edges that is the unique distance-regular graph with intersection array {5,4,2;1,1,4} (Brouwer et al. 1989, ...

The numbers of eigenvalues that are positive, negative, or 0 do not change under a congruence transformation. Gradshteyn and Ryzhik (2000) state it as follows: when a ...

A technical mathematical object defined in terms of a polynomial ring of n variables over a field k. Syzygies occur in tensors at rank 5, 7, 8, and all higher ranks, and play ...

T-integration, which stands for "tunable numerical integration," is a fast, accurate, and numerically stable numerical integration formula given by ...

A tag system is set of rules that specifies a fixed number of elements (commonly denoted nu or beta) be removed from the beginning of a sequence and a set of elements to be ...