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Four line geometry is a finite geometry subject to the following three axioms: 1. there exist exactly four lines, 2. any two distinct lines have exactly one point of on both ...

A free Abelian group is a group G with a subset which generates the group G with the only relation being ab=ba. That is, it has no group torsion. All such groups are a direct ...

A free idempotent monoid is a monoid that satisfies the identity x^2=x and is generated by a set of elements. If the generating set of such a monoid is finite, then so is the ...

The tabulation of raw data obtained by dividing it into classes of some size and computing the number of data elements (or their fraction out of the total) falling within ...

The fundamental theorem of arithmetic states that every positive integer (except the number 1) can be represented in exactly one way apart from rearrangement as a product of ...

Let two players each have a finite number of pennies (say, n_1 for player one and n_2 for player two). Now, flip one of the pennies (from either player), with each player ...

An adaptive Gaussian quadrature method for numerical integration in which error is estimation based on evaluation at special points known as "Kronrod points." By suitably ...

Consider two closed oriented space curves f_1:C_1->R^3 and f_2:C_2->R^3, where C_1 and C_2 are distinct circles, f_1 and f_2 are differentiable C^1 functions, and f_1(C_1) ...

A Gaussian integer is a complex number a+bi where a and b are integers. The Gaussian integers are members of the imaginary quadratic field Q(sqrt(-1)) and form a ring often ...

This is sometimes knows as the "bars and stars" method. Suppose a recipe called for 5 pinches of spice, out of 9 spices. Each possibility is an arrangement of 5 spices ...