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The tangent plane to a surface at a point p is the tangent space at p (after translating to the origin). The elements of the tangent space are called tangent vectors, and ...

If a and n are relatively prime so that the greatest common divisor GCD(a,n)=1, then a^(lambda(n))=1 (mod n), where lambda is the Carmichael function.

f(x)=1/x-|_1/x_| for x in [0,1], where |_x_| is the floor function. The natural invariant of the map is rho(y)=1/((1+y)ln2).

For a countable set of n disjoint events E_1, E_2, ..., E_n P( union _(i=1)^nE_i)=sum_(i=1)^nP(E_i).

p is an equireciprocal point if, for every chord [x,y] of a curve C, p satisfies |x-p|^(-1)+|y-p|^(-1)=c for some constant c. The foci of an ellipse are equichordal points.

The series sumf(n) for a monotonic nonincreasing f(x) is convergent if lim_(x->infty)^_(e^xf(e^x))/(f(x))<1 and divergent if lim_(x->infty)__(e^xf(e^x))/(f(x))>1.

A transformation from one reference frame to another moving with a constant velocity v with respect to the first for classical motion. However, special relativity shows that ...

Let A=a_(ik) be an arbitrary n×n nonsingular matrix with real elements and determinant |A|, then |A|^2<=product_(i=1)^n(sum_(k=1)^na_(ik)^2).

Let K be a finite complex, and let phi:C_p(K)->C_p(K) be a chain map, then sum_(p)(-1)^pTr(phi,C_p(K))=sum_(p)(-1)^pTr(phi_*,H_p(K)/T_p(K)).

A fraction p/q>=1. A fraction with p/q<1 is called a proper fraction. Therefore, the special cases 1/1, 2/2, 3/3, etc. are generally considered to be improper.