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The process of approximating a quantity, be it for convenience or, as in the case of numerical computations, of necessity. If rounding is performed on each of a series of ...

Rubik's graph is the Cayley graph of Rubik's group. The graph diameter of this graph is sometimes known as God's number, and was shown in Aug. 2010 to be equal to 20 (Rokicki ...

If the integral coefficients C_0, C_1, ..., C_(N-1) of the polynomial f(x)=C_0+C_1x+C_2x^2+...+C_(N-1)x^(N-1)+x^N are divisible by a prime number p, while the free term C_0 ...

Schur (1916) proved that no matter how the set of positive integers less than or equal to |_n!e_| (where |_x_| is the floor function) is partitioned into n classes, one class ...

A process of successively crossing out members of a list according to a set of rules such that only some remain. The best known sieve is the sieve of Eratosthenes for ...

If {a_0,a_1,...} is a recursive sequence, then the set of all k such that a_k=0 is the union of a finite (possibly empty) set and a finite number (possibly zero) of full ...

A condition which, if true, guarantees that a result is also true. (However, the result may also be true if the condition is not met.) If a condition is both necessary and ...

A set of n cells in an n×n square such that no two come from the same row and no two come from the same column. The number of transversals of an n×n square is n! (n ...

In statistics, a trial is a single performance of well-defined experiment (Papoulis 1984, p. 25), such as the flipping of a coin, the generation of a random number, the ...

The vertex count of a graph g, commonly denoted V(g) or |g|, is the number of vertices in g. In other words, it is the cardinality of the vertex set. The vertex count of a ...