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Given a vector space V, its projectivization P(V), sometimes written P(V-0), is the set of equivalence classes x∼lambdax for any lambda!=0 in V-0. For example, complex ...

The evolute of the prolate cycloid x = at-bsint (1) y = a-bcost (2) (with b>a) is given by x = a[t+((bcost-a)sint)/(acost-b)] (3) y = (a(a-bcost)^2)/(b(acost-b)). (4)

The 4-polyhex illustrated above.

An extension A subset B of a group, ring, module, field, etc., such that A!=B.

A proper subgroup is a proper subset H of group elements of a group G that satisfies the four group requirements. "H is a proper subgroup of G" is written H subset G. The ...

A proper subset S^' of a set S, denoted S^' subset S, is a subset that is strictly contained in S and so necessarily excludes at least one member of S. The empty set is ...

A proposition is a mathematical statement such as "3 is greater than 4," "an infinite set exists," or "7 is prime." An axiom is a proposition that is assumed to be true. With ...

A subset S subset R^n is said to be pseudo-convex at a point x in S if the associated pseudo-tangent cone P_S(x) to S at x contains S-{x}, i.e., if S-{x} subset P_S(x). Any ...

The pseudo-tangent cone P_S(x) of a subset S subset R^n at a point x in S is the set P_S(x)=convK_S^_, where K_S is the contingent cone of S and where conv(A) is the smallest ...

A pseudoanalytic function is a function defined using generalized Cauchy-Riemann equations. Pseudoanalytic functions come as close as possible to having complex derivatives ...