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The ultraradical symbol is a notation thet can be used to express solutions not obtainable by finite root extraction. The solution to the irreducible quintic equation x^5+x=a ...

A dot placed under a symbol to indicate a dummy variable, e.g., c_._1 (Comtet 1974, p. 32). This notation, however, is not very common.

If two quantities A and B are approximately equal, this is written A approx B.

An abbreviation for the cokernel.

A pair of overdots placed over a symbol, as in x^.., most commonly used to denote a second derivative with respect to time, i.e., x^..=d^2x/dt^2.

There are seven frieze groups, which can be written in orbifold notation as *22infty, 2*infty, 22infty, *inftyinfty, infty*, inftyx, inftyinfty.

A strong inequality in which a is not only less than b, but much less (by some convention) is denoted a<<b.

The relationship x precedes y is written x≺y. The relation x precedes or is equal to y is written x<=y.

The symbol p^e∥n means, for p a prime, that p^e|n, but p^(e+1)n.

There are 14 families of spherical groups, which can be written in orbifold notation as *532, 532, *432, 432, *332, 3*2, 332, *22N, 2*N, 22N, *NN, N*, Nx, and NN.