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A nonzero vector v=(v_0,v_1,...,v_(n-1)) in n-dimensional Lorentzian space R^(1,n-1) is said to be positive timelike if it has imaginary (Lorentzian) norm and if its first ...

A number of areas of mathematics have the notion of a "dual" which can be applies to objects of that particular area. Whenever an object A has the property that it is equal ...

The ratio of two independent estimates of the variance of a normal distribution.

Let A be a C^*-algebra, then an element a in A is called normal if aa^*=a^*a.

Given a matrix equation Ax=b, the normal equation is that which minimizes the sum of the square differences between the left and right sides: A^(T)Ax=A^(T)b. It is called a ...

L is a subnormal subgroup of H if there is a "normal series" (in the sense of Jordan-Hölder) from L to H.

A statistical distribution such as the normal distribution which has a single "peak."

The p-layer of H, L_(p^')(H) is the unique minimal normal subgroup of H which maps onto E(H/O_(p^')(H)).

The following conditions are equivalent for a conservative vector field on a particular domain D: 1. For any oriented simple closed curve C, the line integral ∮_CF·ds=0. 2. ...

The divergence theorem, more commonly known especially in older literature as Gauss's theorem (e.g., Arfken 1985) and also known as the Gauss-Ostrogradsky theorem, is a ...