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A vector is formally defined as an element of a vector space. In the commonly encountered vector space R^n (i.e., Euclidean n-space), a vector is given by n coordinates and ...

The normal vector, often simply called the "normal," to a surface is a vector which is perpendicular to the surface at a given point. When normals are considered on closed ...

A vector difference is the result of subtracting one vector from another. A vector difference is denoted using the normal minus sign, i.e., the vector difference of vectors A ...

A unit vector is a vector of length 1, sometimes also called a direction vector (Jeffreys and Jeffreys 1988). The unit vector v^^ having the same direction as a given ...

A vector sum is the result of adding two or more vectors together via vector addition. It is denoted using the normal plus sign, i.e., the vector sum of vectors A, B, and C ...

A vector field is a map f:R^n|->R^n that assigns each x a vector f(x). Several vector fields are illustrated above. A vector field is uniquely specified by giving its ...

For a curve with radius vector r(t), the unit tangent vector T^^(t) is defined by T^^(t) = (r^.)/(|r^.|) (1) = (r^.)/(s^.) (2) = (dr)/(ds), (3) where t is a parameterization ...

B^^ = T^^xN^^ (1) = (r^'xr^(''))/(|r^'xr^('')|), (2) where the unit tangent vector T and unit "principal" normal vector N are defined by T^^ = (r^'(s))/(|r^'(s)|) (3) N^^ = ...

Vector subtraction is the process of taking a vector difference, and is the inverse operation to vector addition.

A vector whose elements are complex numbers.