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The center of any sphere which has a contact of (at least) first-order with a curve C at a point P lies in the normal plane to C at P. The center of any sphere which has a ...

Let G be a group having normal subgroups H and K with H subset= K. Then K/H⊴G/H and (G/H)/(K/H)=G/K, where N⊴G indicates that N is a normal subgroup of G and G=H indicates ...

There are three types of so-called fundamental forms. The most important are the first and second (since the third can be expressed in terms of these). The fundamental forms ...

A system of equation types obtained by generalizing the differential equation for the normal distribution (dy)/(dx)=(y(m-x))/a, (1) which has solution y=Ce^((2m-x)x/(2a)), ...

Parallel curves, frequently called "offset curves" in computer graphics applications, are curves which are displaced from a base curve by a constant offset, either positive ...

The torsion of a space curve, sometimes also called the "second curvature" (Kreyszig 1991, p. 47), is the rate of change of the curve's osculating plane. The torsion tau is ...

A foliation F of dimension p on a manifold M is transversely orientable if it is integral to a p-plane distribution D on M whose normal bundle Q is orientable. A p-plane ...

Partial differential equation boundary conditions which give the normal derivative on a surface.

Let M be an oriented regular surface in R^3 with normal N. Then the support function of M is the function h:M->R defined by h(p)=p·N(p).

In one dimension, the Gaussian function is the probability density function of the normal distribution, f(x)=1/(sigmasqrt(2pi))e^(-(x-mu)^2/(2sigma^2)), (1) sometimes also ...