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The Lorentzian function is the singly peaked function given by L(x)=1/pi(1/2Gamma)/((x-x_0)^2+(1/2Gamma)^2), (1) where x_0 is the center and Gamma is a parameter specifying ...

The mean of a distribution with probability density function P(x) is the first raw moment mu_1^', defined by mu=<x>, (1) where <f> is the expectation value. For a continuous ...

A uniform distribution of points on the circumference of a circle can be obtained by picking a random real number between 0 and 2pi. Picking random points on a circle is ...

Given a point set P={x_n}_(n=0)^(N-1) in the s-dimensional unit cube [0,1)^s, the star discrepancy is defined as D_N^*(P)=sup_(J in Upsilon^*)D(J,P), (1) where the local ...

A nonreflexible regular map of genus 7 with eight graph vertices, 28 graph edges, and eight heptagonal faces.

Likelihood is the hypothetical probability that an event that has already occurred would yield a specific outcome. The concept differs from that of a probability in that a ...

A space X is locally pathwise-connected if for every neighborhood around every point in X, there is a smaller, pathwise-connected neighborhood.

A theorem in game theory which guarantees the existence of a set of mixed strategies for finite, noncooperative games of two or more players in which no player can improve ...

Betting odds are written in the form r:s ("r to s") and correspond to the probability of winning P=s/(r+s). Therefore, given a probability P, the odds of winning are ...

A characteristic of some systems making a transition to chaos. Doubling is followed by quadrupling, etc. An example of a map displaying period doubling is the logistic map.