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There are many unsolved problems in mathematics. Some prominent outstanding unsolved problems (as well as some which are not necessarily so well known) include 1. The ...

A real quantity having a value less than zero (<0) is said to be negative. Negative numbers are denoted with a minus sign preceding the corresponding positive number, i.e., ...

The positive integers are the numbers 1, 2, 3, ... (OEIS A000027), sometimes called the counting numbers or natural numbers, denoted Z^+. They are the solution to the simple ...

The graph sum of graphs G and H is the graph with adjacency matrix given by the sum of adjacency matrices of G and H. A graph sum is defined when the orders of G and H are ...

A letter of the alphabet drawn with doubled vertical strokes is called doublestruck, or sometimes blackboard bold (because doublestruck characters provide a means of ...

The signed Stirling numbers of the first kind are variously denoted s(n,m) (Riordan 1980, Roman 1984), S_n^((m)) (Fort 1948, Abramowitz and Stegun 1972), S_n^m (Jordan 1950). ...

A root of a polynomial P(z) is a number z_i such that P(z_i)=0. The fundamental theorem of algebra states that a polynomial P(z) of degree n has n roots, some of which may be ...

The Wigner 6j-symbols (Messiah 1962, p. 1062), commonly simply called the 6j-symbols, are a generalization of Clebsch-Gordan coefficients and Wigner 3j-symbol that arise in ...

Given a positive sequence {a_n}, sqrt(sum_(j=-infty)^infty|sum_(n=-infty; n!=j)^infty(a_n)/(j-n)|^2)<=pisqrt(sum_(n=-infty)^infty|a_n|^2), (1) where the a_ns are real and ...

The minimum excluded value. The mex of a set S of nonnegative integers is the least nonnegative integer not in the set.