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The (unilateral) Z-transform of a sequence {a_k}_(k=0)^infty is defined as Z[{a_k}_(k=0)^infty](z)=sum_(k=0)^infty(a_k)/(z^k). (1) This definition is implemented in the ...

The (unilateral) Z-transform of a sequence {a_k}_(k=0)^infty is defined as Z[{a_k}_(k=0)^infty](z)=sum_(k=0)^infty(a_k)/(z^k). (1) This definition is implemented in the ...

A phenomenological law also called the first digit law, first digit phenomenon, or leading digit phenomenon. Benford's law states that in listings, tables of statistics, ...

The base 2 method of counting in which only the digits 0 and 1 are used. In this base, the number 1011 equals 1·2^0+1·2^1+0·2^2+1·2^3=11. This base is used in computers, ...

Chess is a two-player board game believed to have been played in India as early as the sixth century AD. In different parts of this world, different chess games are played. ...

The Euler numbers, also called the secant numbers or zig numbers, are defined for |x|<pi/2 by sechx-1=-(E_1^*x^2)/(2!)+(E_2^*x^4)/(4!)-(E_3^*x^6)/(6!)+... (1) ...

The Fourier transform is a generalization of the complex Fourier series in the limit as L->infty. Replace the discrete A_n with the continuous F(k)dk while letting n/L->k. ...

A fractal is an object or quantity that displays self-similarity, in a somewhat technical sense, on all scales. The object need not exhibit exactly the same structure at all ...

A graceful labeling (or graceful numbering) is a special graph labeling of a graph on m edges in which the nodes are labeled with a subset of distinct nonnegative integers ...

The greatest common divisor, sometimes also called the highest common divisor (Hardy and Wright 1979, p. 20), of two positive integers a and b is the largest divisor common ...