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A group theoretic operation which is useful in the study of complex atomic spectra. A plethysm takes a set of functions of a given symmetry type {mu} and forms from them ...

Let u and v be any functions of a set of variables (q_1,...,q_n,p_1,...,p_n). Then the expression ...

Let chi be a nonprincipal number theoretic character over Z/Zn. Then for any integer h, |sum_(x=1)^hchi(x)|<=2sqrt(n)lnn.

A power mean is a mean of the form M_p(a_1,a_2,...,a_n)=(1/nsum_(k=1)^na_k^p)^(1/p), (1) where the parameter p is an affinely extended real number and all a_k>=0. A power ...

The power tower of order k is defined as a^^k=a^(a^(·^(·^(·^a))))_()_(k), (1) where ^ is Knuth up-arrow notation (Knuth 1976), which in turn is defined by ...

A principal nth root omega of unity is a root satisfying the equations omega^n=1 and sum_(i=0)^(n-1)omega^(ij)=0 for j=1, 2, ..., n. Therefore, every primitive root of unity ...

The unique nonnegative square root of a nonnegative real number. For example, the principal square root of 9 is 3, although both -3 and 3 are square roots of 9. The concept ...

The Prosthaphaeresis formulas, also known as Simpson's formulas, are trigonometry formulas that convert a product of functions into a sum or difference. They are given by ...

The Pythagorean means are the three "classic" means A (the arithmetic mean), G (the geometric mean), and H (the harmonic mean) are sometimes known as the Pythagorean means. ...

A number of the form +/-sqrt(a), where a is a positive rational number which is not the square of another rational number is called a pure quadratic surd. A number of the ...