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The determination of a set of factors (divisors) of a given integer ("prime factorization"), polynomial ("polynomial factorization"), etc., which, when multiplied together, ...

Let f(x) be a monic polynomial of degree d with discriminant Delta. Then an odd integer n with (n,f(0)Delta)=1 is called a Frobenius pseudoprime with respect to f(x) if it ...

Given a finitely generated Z-graded module M over a graded ring R (finitely generated over R_0, which is an Artinian local ring), define the Hilbert function of M as the map ...

The expected number of real zeros E_n of a random polynomial of degree n if the coefficients are independent and distributed normally is given by E_n = ...

The Landau-Mignotte bound, also known as the Mignotte bound, is used in univariate polynomial factorization to determine the number of Hensel lifting steps needed. It gives ...

The (associated) Legendre function of the first kind P_n^m(z) is the solution to the Legendre differential equation which is regular at the origin. For m,n integers and z ...

A field K is said to be an extension field (or field extension, or extension), denoted K/F, of a field F if F is a subfield of K. For example, the complex numbers are an ...

In common usage, a cardinal number is a number used in counting (a counting number), such as 1, 2, 3, .... In formal set theory, a cardinal number (also called "the ...

Game theory is a branch of mathematics that deals with the analysis of games (i.e., situations involving parties with conflicting interests). In addition to the mathematical ...

An equation involving a function f(x) and integrals of that function to solved for f(x). If the limits of the integral are fixed, an integral equation is called a Fredholm ...