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If isosceles triangles with apex angles 2kpi/n are erected on the sides of an arbitrary n-gon A_0, and if this process is repeated with the n-gon A_1 formed by the free ...

A Fredholm integral equation of the second kind phi(x)=f(x)+lambdaint_a^bK(x,t)phi(t)dt (1) may be solved as follows. Take phi_0(x) = f(x) (2) phi_1(x) = ...

von Neumann-Bernays-Gödel set theory (abbreviated "NBG") is a version of set theory which was designed to give the same results as Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory, but in a more ...

The Kubo-Martin-Schwinger (KMS) condition is a kind of boundary-value condition which naturally emerges in quantum statistical mechanics and related areas. Given a quantum ...

A (symmetrical) boundary set of radius r and center x_0 is the set of all points x such that |x-x_0|=r. Let x_0 be the origin. In R^1, the boundary set is then the pair of ...

Consider a power series in a complex variable z g(z)=sum_(n=0)^inftya_nz^n (1) that is convergent within the open disk D:|z|<R. Convergence is limited to within D by the ...

A point which is a member of the set closure of a given set S and the set closure of its complement set. If A is a subset of R^n, then a point x in R^n is a boundary point of ...

A surface with boundary is a topological space obtained by identifying edges and vertices of a set of triangles according to all the requirements of a surface except that ...

In a chain complex of modules ...->C_(i+1)->^(d_(i+1))C_i->^(d_i)C_(i-1)->..., the module B_i of i-boundaries is the image of d_(i+1). It is a submodule of C_i and is ...

The map H_n(X,A)->H_(n-1)(A) appearing in the long exact sequence of a pair axiom.