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Let X be a normed space and X^(**)=(X^*)^* denote the second dual vector space of X. The canonical map x|->x^^ defined by x^^(f)=f(x),f in X^* gives an isometric linear ...

Let a discrete distribution have probability function p_k, and let a second discrete distribution have probability function q_k. Then the relative entropy of p with respect ...

Relaxation methods are methods of solving partial differential equations that involve splitting the sparse matrix that arises from finite differencing then iterating until a ...

Reversion to the mean, also called regression to the mean, is the statistical phenomenon stating that the greater the deviation of a random variate from its mean, the greater ...

A zonohedron which can be derived from the rhombic triacontahedron by removing any one of the zones and bringing together the two pieces into which the remainder of the ...

There exists a positive integer s such that every sufficiently large integer is the sum of at most s primes. It follows that there exists a positive integer s_0>=s such that ...

The Schur decomposition of a complex square matrix A is a matrix decomposition of the form Q^(H)AQ=T=D+N, (1) where Q is a unitary matrix, Q^(H) is its conjugate transpose, ...

A root-finding algorithm which assumes a function to be approximately linear in the region of interest. Each improvement is taken as the point where the approximating line ...

A lattice polygon consisting of a closed self-avoiding walk on a square lattice. The perimeter, horizontal perimeter, vertical perimeter, and area are all well-defined for ...

A "split" extension G of groups N and F which contains a subgroup F^_ isomorphic to F with G=F^_N^_ and F^_ intersection N^_={e} (Ito 1987, p. 710). Then the semidirect ...