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The Lyapunov characteristic exponent [LCE] gives the rate of exponential divergence from perturbed initial conditions. To examine the behavior of an orbit around a point ...

A Fermat pseudoprime to a base a, written psp(a), is a composite number n such that a^(n-1)=1 (mod n), i.e., it satisfies Fermat's little theorem. Sometimes the requirement ...

The decimal expansion of the Golomb-Dickman constant is given by lambda=0.6243299885... (OEIS A084945). Mitchell (1968) computed lambda to 53 decimal places. lambda has been ...

A primitive polynomial is a polynomial that generates all elements of an extension field from a base field. Primitive polynomials are also irreducible polynomials. For any ...

A set of positive integers is called weakly triple-free if, for any integer x, the set {x,2x,3x} !subset= S. For example, all subsets of {1,2,3,4,5} are weakly triple-free ...

The cross number of a zero-system sigma={g_1,g_2,...,g_n} of G is defined as K(sigma)=sum_(i=1)^n1/(|g_i|) The cross number of a group G has two different definitions. 1. ...

Consider the process of taking a number, taking its digit sum, then adding the digits of numbers derived from it, etc., until the remaining number has only one digit. The ...

The disjoint union of two sets A and B is a binary operator that combines all distinct elements of a pair of given sets, while retaining the original set membership as a ...

Householder (1953) first considered the matrix that now bears his name in the first couple of pages of his book. A Householder matrix for a real vector v can be implemented ...

Kelvin defined the Kelvin functions bei and ber according to ber_nu(x)+ibei_nu(x) = J_nu(xe^(3pii/4)) (1) = e^(nupii)J_nu(xe^(-pii/4)), (2) = e^(nupii/2)I_nu(xe^(pii/4)) (3) ...