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An R-module M is said to be unital if R is a commutative ring with multiplicative identity 1=1_R and if 1m=m for all elements m in M.

When a number is expressed in scientific notation, the number of significant digits (or significant figures) is the number of digits needed to express the number to within ...

A number of the form a_0+a_1zeta+...+a_(p-1)zeta^(p-1), where zeta=e^(2pii/p) is a de Moivre number and p is a prime number. Unique factorizations of cyclotomic integers fail ...

The underlying set of the fundamental group of X is the set of based homotopy classes from the circle to X, denoted [S^1,X]. For general spaces X and Y, there is no natural ...

When ac is divisible by a number b that is relatively prime to a, then c must be divisible by b.

If a prime number divides a norm but not the bases of the norm, it is itself a norm.

An integer n which is tested to see if it divides a given number.

The polyhedral formula generalized to a surface of genus g, V-E+F=chi(g) where V is the number of polyhedron vertices, E is the number of polyhedron edges, F is the number of ...

In random number computation, a seed is an initial number used as the starting point in a random number generating algorithm. In a dynamical system, a seed is a starting ...

The graph complement of a graph hole. Graph antiholes are called even if they have an even number of vertices and odd if they have an odd number of vertices (Chvátal). No odd ...