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The pentagram, also called the five-point star, pentacle, pentalpha, or pentangle, is the star polygon {5/2}. It is a pagan religious symbol that is one of the oldest symbols ...

The pentatope is the simplest regular figure in four dimensions, representing the four-dimensional analog of the solid tetrahedron. It is also called the 5-cell, since it ...

A periodic continued fraction is a continued fraction (generally a regular continued fraction) whose terms eventually repeat from some point onwards. The minimal number of ...

Given two intersecting lines OA and OB forming an angle with vertex at O and a point X inside the angle ∠AOB, the Philo line (or Philon line) is the shortest line segment AB ...

If del xF=0 (i.e., F(x) is an irrotational field) in a simply connected neighborhood U(x) of a point x, then in this neighborhood, F is the gradient of a scalar field phi(x), ...

A principal bundle is a special case of a fiber bundle where the fiber is a group G. More specifically, G is usually a Lie group. A principal bundle is a total space E along ...

The unique nonnegative square root of a nonnegative real number. For example, the principal square root of 9 is 3, although both -3 and 3 are square roots of 9. The concept ...

The set R union {infty}, obtained by adjoining one improper element to the set R of real numbers, is the set of projectively extended real numbers. Although notation is not ...

A number of the form +/-sqrt(a), where a is a positive rational number which is not the square of another rational number is called a pure quadratic surd. A number of the ...

In the IEEE 754-2008 standard (referred to as IEEE 754 henceforth), a quiet NaN or qNaN is a NaN which is quiet in the sense of rarely signaling a floating-point exception. ...