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A data structure designed to allow repeated extraction of the smallest remaining key (Skiena 1990, p. 38).

A smooth map f:S^1->R^3 whose image has singularities. In particular, in the theory of Vassiliev's knot invariants, singular knots with a finite number of ordinary double ...

A group whose group operation is identified with multiplication. As with normal multiplication, the multiplication operation on group elements is either denoted by a raised ...

An operation on rings and modules. Given a commutative unit ring R, and a subset S of R, closed under multiplication, such that 1 in S, and 0 not in S, the localization of R ...

Surreal numbers are the most natural collection of numbers which includes both the real numbers and the infinite ordinal numbers of Georg Cantor. They were invented by John ...

Given a compact manifold M and a transversely orientable codimension-one foliation F on M which is tangent to partialM, the pair (M,F) is called a generalized Reeb component ...

Let E be a compact connected subset of d-dimensional Euclidean space. Gross (1964) and Stadje (1981) proved that there is a unique real number a(E) such that for all x_1, ...

A prime ideal is an ideal I such that if ab in I, then either a in I or b in I. For example, in the integers, the ideal a=<p> (i.e., the multiples of p) is prime whenever p ...

The term "recursive function" is often used informally to describe any function that is defined with recursion. There are several formal counterparts to this informal ...

A quadratic form Q(z) is said to be positive definite if Q(z)>0 for z!=0. A real quadratic form in n variables is positive definite iff its canonical form is ...