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In an exterior algebra ^ V, a top-dimensional form has degree n where n=dimV. Any form of higher degree must be zero. For example, if V=R^4 then alpha=e_1 ^ e_2 ^ e_3 ^ e_4 ...

The closure of a set A is the smallest closed set containing A. Closed sets are closed under arbitrary intersection, so it is also the intersection of all closed sets ...

The topological completion C of a field F with respect to the absolute value |·| is the smallest field containing F for which all Cauchy sequences or rationals converge.

The topological entropy of a map M is defined as h_T(M)=sup_({W_i})h(M,{W_i}), where {W_i} is a partition of a bounded region W containing a probability measure which is ...

A topological groupoid over B is a groupoid G such that B and G are topological spaces and alpha,beta, and multiplication are continuous maps. Here, alpha and beta are maps ...

Two maps phi,psi:M->M are said to be topologically conjugate if there exists a homeomorphism h:M->M such that phi degreesh=h degreespsi, i.e., h maps psi-orbits onto ...

A function f is topologically transitive if, given any two intervals U and V, there is some positive integer k such that f^k(U) intersection V!=emptyset. Vaguely, this means ...

A surface of revolution obtained by rotating a closed plane curve about an axis parallel to the plane which does not intersect the curve. The simplest toroid is the torus. ...

A ring torus constructed out of a square of side length c can be dissected into two squares of arbitrary side lengths a and b (as long as they are consistent with the size of ...

If one part of the total intersection group of a curve of order n with a curve of order n_1+n_2 constitutes the total intersection with a curve of order n_1, then the other ...