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Sampling at the Nyquist frequency.

A signal sampled at a frequency higher than the Nyquist frequency is said to be oversampled beta times, where the oversampling ratio is defined as ...

Let a discrete distribution have probability function p_k, and let a second discrete distribution have probability function q_k. Then the relative entropy of p with respect ...

An error which is superimposed on top of a true signal. Noise may be random or systematic. Noise can be greatly reduced by transmitting signals digitally instead of in analog ...

Any four mutually tangent spheres determine six points of tangency. A pair of tangencies (t_i,t_j) is said to be opposite if the two spheres determining t_i are distinct from ...

Topology

A measure nu of a strange attractor which allows the presence of chaos to be distinguished from random noise. It is related to the capacity dimension D and information ...

The characteristic escape rate from a stable state of a potential in the absence of signal.

A low-pass filter which is useful for smoothing data.

Let S be a nonempty set, then an ultrafilter on S is a nonempty collection F of subsets of S having the following properties: 1. emptyset not in F. 2. If A,B in F, then A ...