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Multivariate analysis is the simultaneous statistical consideration of relationships among many measured properties of a given system (Gould 1996, p. 42).

Let G be a group with normal series (A_0, A_1, ..., A_r). A normal factor of G is a quotient group A_(k+1)/A_k for some index k<r. G is a solvable group iff all normal ...

Given a matrix equation Ax=b, the normal equation is that which minimizes the sum of the square differences between the left and right sides: A^(T)Ax=A^(T)b. It is called a ...

A number is said to be simply normal to base b if its base-b expansion has each digit appearing with average frequency tending to b^(-1). A normal number is an irrational ...

F_k[P_N(k)](x)=F_k[exp(-N|k|^beta)](x), where F is the Fourier transform of the probability P_N(k) for N-step addition of random variables. Lévy showed that beta in (0,2) for ...

A square matrix A is a normal matrix if [A,A^(H)]=AA^(H)-A^(H)A=0, where [a,b] is the commutator and A^(H) denotes the conjugate transpose. For example, the matrix [i 0; 0 ...

The normal vector, often simply called the "normal," to a surface is a vector which is perpendicular to the surface at a given point. When normals are considered on closed ...

Let A be a C^*-algebra, then an element a in A is called normal if aa^*=a^*a.

The plane spanned by the normal vector N and the binormal vector B.

A ruled surface M is a normal developable of a curve y if M can be parameterized by x(u,v)=y(u)+vN^^(u), where N is the normal vector (Gray 1993, pp. 352-354; first edition ...